How do firewalls protect against cyber threats?

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Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, damage, or theft. It involves a combination of technologies, processes, and best practices designed to defend against threats such as hacking, malware, ransomware, phishing, and data breaches. Cybersecurity is crucial for ensuring that the information, infrastructure, and resources we rely on daily remain safe from malicious activities.

Firewalls are a key component of cybersecurity, designed to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Here's how firewalls protect against cyber threats:

1. Traffic Filtering

• Firewalls inspect data packets traveling between your computer (or network) and the internet.

• They allow or block traffic based on rules like IP addresses, port numbers, protocols, and content.

• This helps block unauthorized access, malware, and suspicious connections.

2. Creating a Barrier Between Networks

• Firewalls sit between trusted internal networks (like a corporate LAN) and untrusted external networks (like the internet).

• This barrier helps protect internal systems from external threats such as hackers, botnets, and spyware.

State full Inspection

• Advanced firewalls use State full inspection to track the state of active connections.

• They analyze not just individual packets, but the entire conversation between systems, offering more intelligent filtering.

4. Application-Level Filtering

• Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) can filter traffic at the application level.

• They recognize and control applications (e.g., Facebook, Skype) and can block specific features or usage patterns that are risky.

5. Intrusion Detection & Prevention (IDS/IPS)

• Many modern firewalls integrate IDS/IPS systems to detect and prevent known attack patterns like:

  • SQL injection

  • Cross-site scripting (XSS)

  • Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks

6. Blocking Malicious IPs & Domains

• Firewalls can block traffic from known malicious IP addresses or domains using threat intelligence feeds.

• Helps prevent phishing, ransomware, and command-and-control connections.

7. Enforcing Access Control Policies

• Firewalls allow organizations to enforce rules like:

  • Who can access what services

  • When and from where access is allowed

• This limits the attack surface by reducing unnecessary exposure.

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